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The character arc of Svante Pääbo

A life drawn by Character Arc from the public record

Born 20 April 1955 in Stockholm to an Estonian chemist who had fled the Soviet invasion, and to a father who was married to somebody else. Between then and now sit secret laboratory work on Egyptian mummies done at night in 1984, a celebrated paper in Nature in 1985 that turned out to be contamination from his own experiments, an institute founded in Leipzig in 1997, the first Neanderthal genome, and the Nobel Prize in 2022. The line below draws the story so far, in order.

Tap the line to pluck it. Hover or tap any mark for its card. Drawn from the public record of his life; the sources are at the foot of the page.

Who is Svante Pääbo?

The result that made his name was wrong, and he built the field anyway.

He was born in Stockholm in 1955. His mother, Karin Pääbo, was an Estonian chemist who had fled the Soviet invasion of her country in 1944. His father was the Swedish biochemist Sune Bergström, who was married to someone else and who would win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982. Pääbo grew up outside that arrangement, and only in 2004, the year his father died, did he learn that he had a half brother who had been born in the same year as him.

He went to Uppsala to do a doctorate in molecular biology, on adenovirus proteins, and did something else on the side. Drawing on an earlier interest in Egyptology and knowing his supervisor would not approve, he enlisted an old Egyptology professor and worked at night and at weekends trying to extract DNA from Egyptian mummies. In 1985 he published it in Nature. It made his name. It was also, as the field later established, contamination from his own immune system experiments rather than ancient DNA at all.

What he did next is the reason he has a Nobel Prize. Instead of abandoning the idea, he spent years building the methods that would make it possible to tell a genuinely ancient molecule from a modern one, which is the whole technical foundation of the field. He founded the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig in 1997, announced a plan to sequence the Neanderthal genome in 2006 that most people thought unachievable, and completed a first draft in 2009. In March 2010 his group identified an entirely unknown kind of human, the Denisovans, from a single finger bone. On 3 October 2022 he received the Nobel Prize. His line is worth reading because the error is load bearing.

The moments

Svante Pääbo's timeline.

The 1980s

~1984

Mummy DNA, at night

Everyday, and it changed everything. His actual thesis was on virus proteins. The work he is remembered for was done in the hours around it, without permission.

Apr 1985

A paper in Nature

Milestone, and it changed everything. A graduate student reporting DNA recovered from a mummy, in the most prominent journal there is.

~1986

A doctorate at Uppsala

Milestone. He completed the thesis he was supposed to be writing, in a subject he never returned to.

1 Jun 1989

Drop the idea, or fix the method

Crossroads, decided.

The paths laid out: build the method properly, taken, or return to mainstream biology. The methods he built made the first Neanderthal genome possible in 2009 and the identification of the Denisovans in 2010, and brought the Nobel Prize in 2022.

The 1990s

~1990

It was his own contamination

Setback, and it changed everything. The result that made his name was not ancient DNA. It was his own laboratory, in the sample.

~1997

Founding a Leipzig institute

Milestone, and it changed everything. An institute built around a field that barely existed, and that he had partly discredited himself in.

The 2000s

~2004

A father, and a brother

Setback, and it changed everything. He had grown up outside his father's family. Both facts arrived in the same year, and only then.

~2006

He announced the Neanderthal plan

Milestone, and it changed everything. Most of the field thought it could not be done at all, on material that old and that degraded.

~2009

The first Neanderthal genome

Milestone, and it changed everything. The genome of a human species that has been extinct for forty thousand years, read.

The 2010s

Mar 2010

A new kind of human

Milestone, and it changed everything. An entire previously unknown kind of human, found in a single fragment of finger bone and identified from its DNA.

The 2020s

3 Oct 2022

The Nobel Prize

Milestone, and it changed everything. Forty years after his father received the same prize, and thirty seven years after the paper that was wrong.

Mar 2024

Commander of the Polar Star

Milestone. His own country's honour, for a career mostly spent in Germany.

The line reaches today still adding to itself, which is why it is drawn now rather than at the end. What it has set moving is in most people reading this: a few per cent of Neanderthal DNA, which nobody knew was there until he worked out how to look.

What he wrote

Books by Svante Pääbo

  • 2014

    Neanderthal Man

Your turn

Every line draws a unique story.

His most famous early result was wrong, and the correcting of it is the career. Yours is already further along than you think, and drawing it takes about five minutes.

Svante Pääbo: frequently asked questions

What people ask about his line.

What is Svante Pääbo's character arc?
A famous early result that turned out to be his own contamination, and then a whole field built on correcting it. Born in Stockholm in 1955, he published mummy DNA in Nature in 1985, saw it overturned, and won the Nobel Prize in 2022 for sequencing extinct human genomes.
What were the turning points in Svante Pääbo's life?
The secret mummy work of 1984 set the direction and the 1985 Nature paper made his name. Learning around 1990 that the result was contamination changed everything, because fixing it became the career. The Neanderthal genome in 2009 and the Denisovans in 2010 followed.
What was Svante Pääbo's biggest setback?
His own first success. The ancient DNA he reported from an Egyptian mummy in Nature in 1985 was later shown to have come from bacteria and modern material contaminating his samples, rather than from the mummy, in a field his result had helped to make suspect.
What did Svante Pääbo discover?
He completed a first draft of the Neanderthal genome in 2009, and in March 2010 his group identified the Denisovans, a previously unknown kind of human, from a single finger bone. Both rest on methods he developed for telling ancient DNA from modern contamination.
Was Svante Pääbo related to another Nobel winner?
Yes. His father was the Swedish biochemist Sune Bergström, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982. Pääbo was born of an extramarital affair and grew up outside that family, learning only in 2004, the year his father died, that he had a half brother.
How did Svante Pääbo start working on ancient DNA?
In secret. As a doctoral student at Uppsala, officially working on adenovirus proteins, he drew on an earlier interest in Egyptology and worked nights and weekends on mummy samples with a former professor, knowing his supervisor would not have approved.
When did Svante Pääbo win the Nobel Prize?
On 3 October 2022, for discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct human relatives and human evolution. He founded the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig in 1997, and was appointed Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star in 2024.
Where does this timeline of Svante Pääbo's life come from?
From the public record. Character Arc drew every moment on this line from the sources listed at the foot of the page, and the kind and weight of each moment are our editorial reading. Svante Pääbo isn't a Member of Character Arc and has no connection with it, and no feeling is attributed to him.

Sources

  • Svante Pääbo, English Wikipedia biography.
  • The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022, NobelPrize.org (facts and press release).
  • Pääbo, Molecular cloning of Ancient Egyptian mummy DNA, Nature, 1985.
  • Ancient DNA pioneer Svante Pääbo wins Nobel Prize, Science (AAAS), October 2022.
  • An archaeologist of the genome: Svante Pääbo, Science in School, 2011.